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About Weight-Loss Surgery
Gastric bypass was introduced in 1966 for the treatment of morbid obesity. It was patterned after a partial gastric (stomach) resection used to treat duodenal ulcers. One of the side effects of that operation (Billroth II Gastrectomy) was low body weight, a desirable side effect. However, other less desirable side effects, also commonly occur.
Some of these are related to the bypass of the first part of the small intestine (duodenum) where most of the absorption of iron and calcium normally takes place. Iron deficiency is common after any operation that bypasses the duodenum. This may cause low blood counts or anemia. It is more likely when chronic blood loss is present, such as in women with heavy menstrual flows. This anemia can usually be treated effectively with iron supplements; however, it can require restoration of duodenal function.
Metabolic bone density loss (osteoporosis) is common in women after menopause. This may appear earlier in life or be more severe after bypass of the duodenum.


